The Karnataka government’s ‘Shakti’ scheme, launched on June 11, 2023, is a transformative initiative aimed at enhancing the mobility, safety, and empowerment of women and transgender individuals by offering free bus travel across the state. As one of the five major guarantees promised by the Indian National Congress during the 2023 Karnataka Assembly elections, this scheme seeks to reduce travel costs, increase access to essential services, and foster greater gender equity in public spaces.
Objectives and Vision
At its core, the Shakti scheme is rooted in the idea of social empowerment through accessible transportation. For many women and marginalized genders, especially in rural or economically weaker areas, the cost of daily travel to schools, workplaces, markets, or healthcare centers can be a significant burden. By eliminating bus fares, the Karnataka government aims to ease these financial pressures and promote greater independence.
Key Features of the Scheme
Eligibility:
- Open to women and transgender individuals who are domiciled in Karnataka.
- Proof of residence is required to access the benefits.
Types of Buses Covered:
- The scheme applies to non-premium, government-run buses operated by:
- Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC)
- Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC)
- North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC)
- Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (KKRTC)
- Bus services under categories such as Nagara Sarige, Gramantara Sarige, Karnataka Sarige, and City buses are included.
Exclusions:
- Luxury and interstate buses such as Rajahamsa, Airavat, Ambari, and other premium services are not included.
- Interstate travel, even within Karnataka’s borders, is excluded from the scheme.
Seat Reservation Policy:
- In long-distance buses under KSRTC, NWKRTC, and KKRTC, 50% of seats are reserved for male passengers, ensuring a balanced approach to capacity management.
- This restriction does not apply to BMTC city buses, where women and transgender individuals can occupy any seat.
Access and Implementation Process
Initially, the scheme operated on a trust-based model, allowing beneficiaries to travel for free by presenting a valid government-issued photo ID with a Karnataka address. Conductors were instructed to issue zero-fare tickets during this interim period.
To streamline and regulate the process, the government introduced ‘Shakti Smart Cards’. These cards are distributed to eligible residents who apply through the Seva Sindhu portal, Karnataka’s digital public service platform. Until applicants receive their cards, they can continue to access free travel by presenting other approved documents such as an Aadhaar card, voter ID, or driving license with proof of address.
Measurable Impact and Benefits
Since its launch, the Shakti scheme has witnessed a massive uptake, with over 458 crore free rides availed by women and transgender persons. This speaks volumes about the scheme’s popularity and its impact on day-to-day life across the state.
Economically, the Karnataka government has reimbursed over ₹8,800 crore to transport corporations to cover operational expenses arising from the scheme. This injection of funds not only supports public transport services but also stimulates the local economy by improving access to commerce, education, and healthcare.
Socially, the benefits are profound. The scheme has allowed more women to pursue education, employment, and social activities, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. It has also boosted religious tourism, as reports show increased footfall at temples and pilgrimage centers, where women previously avoided travel due to cost concerns.
Challenges and Future Outlook
Despite its wide acclaim, the scheme is not without challenges. Delays in smart card issuance have caused some confusion, and questions have been raised regarding the financial sustainability of the scheme over the long term. With the government investing heavily in its five flagship guarantees, continuous budgetary planning and monitoring will be crucial.
There are also calls for expanding the scheme to include at least partial discounts on luxury and interstate services or to create dedicated women-only buses in urban areas to enhance safety further.
Conclusion
The Shakti scheme is a landmark step in Karnataka’s journey toward inclusive development and gender equality. By providing free and safe transport, the government has made it easier for countless women and transgender individuals to participate fully in social and economic life. While challenges in execution and funding exist, the scheme stands as a powerful example of how public policy can directly impact people’s lives in meaningful ways. With sustained support and thoughtful adjustments, the Shakti scheme can serve as a model for similar initiatives across India.